'PLAGIARISM' - Lalrammawia Ngente

Ṭawngkaa kan hriat ṭhin, kan sawi tam meuh loh, mahse, harsatna kan tawh mek ni si chu mithiamten Plagiarism an tih hi a ni awm e. Plagiarism chu 'mi thu leh hla ruk sak a, mahni phuah emaw, ziah emaw anga pho chhuah' tihna a ni tiin mawl tein sawi mai teh ang.

Kum zabi 1-na daih tawhah khan Roman hlaphuahthiam (poet) Martial chuan a hla phuah chang ṭhenkhat, hla phuahtu dangin a lo ruksak avanga lungawi lo chuan he ṭawngkam 'plagiarius' tih hi a rawn chher chhuak a, chu chu 'tlanna sum emaw thil eng emaw beiseia mi rubotu (kidnapper)' tihna a ni. He ṭawngkam aṭang hian 'plagiare' tih a lo chhuak leh a, chu chu 'mi ru bo, dan bawhchhiaa mi hruai bo' tihna a lo ni leh a. Heng Latin ṭawng aṭang hian Plagiarism tih thumal hi a lo chhuak ta a ni.

Plagiarism tih hi thuziaktu emaw, mithiam emaw thuziak, ṭawngkam, ngaihtuahna, an ṭawngkauchheh leh an suangtuahna lachhawng a, mahni irawm chhuak anga lo hman ve hmiah hmiah mai sawina atan an hmang a. Hetih rual hian a eng chin hi nge inruk sak a, inruk sak ni lo tihah erawh ramri fel taka kham a la har hle.

Kum 1601 vel khan he thumal hi English ṭawngah seng luh a ni a, a seng luttu pawh lemchan thawnthu ziak mi Ben Jonson a ni nghe nghe.

Tunlaia Plagiarism tih ṭawngkam tak hi kum zabi 18-naa Romantic Movement lo chhuah ṭan tirha Europe aṭanga lo irh chhuak leh nia sawi a ni a, chu chu originality leh dik lo taka thil tih (immorality) chungchanga inhnialna aṭanga lo irh chhuak a ni.

Plagiarism chi thumte : 

Plagiarism hi lehkha zirthiamna (academic) lam thila rinawm lohna leh chanchinbu enkawlna kawnga dan bawhchhiatna (breach of journalistic ethics) a ngaih a ni a. Hetiang tih chingte chu hnawh chhuah theih an ni. Sawrkar dan bawhchhiatna anga ngaih ni pha chiah lo mah se academia leh industry huangah chuan dan bawhchhiatna lian tak, copyright dan bawhchhiatna hial hring thei a ni a, copyright act bawhchhiatna nen erawh a danglam hret.

Academia (zir thiamna huang)ah chuan plagiarism an tih hian zirlai, zirtirtu leh research beitutena academic thila mi an bumna leh an depdena sawi nan an hmang. Stanford University chuan plagiarism hi mi tu emaw kut chhuak, chhinchhiahna (code), formula, ngaihdan, ṭawng, research, a thil duan dan hmang, a thuziak leh thil dang reng reng; a ziaktu emaw, an thu lakna emaw tarlang hauh lo va (credit pe lo va) hman ve ngawt hi a ni a ti a. Oxford University pawhin a ziaktu chawimawina (credit) pe miah lo va a ziaktu ngaih dan leh themthiamna lo hman ve ngawt hi a ni tiin a sawi. Hetianga plagiarism lo ching professor leh researcher reng reng chu suspend emaw, ban emawa hrem theih an ni a, an degree pawh chhuhsak theih an niin an hming ṭhatna zawng zawng a bo nghal vek bawk a. An chungchang thu hi internal disciplinary committee-in an ngaihtuah tlangpui.

Journalism (chanchinbu huang) a plagiarism chu thu thar lakhawmtu (reporter)in an thu lakna hnar engmah ti chiang lo emaw, tu emaw thuziak behchhana a ṭawngkam tidanglam emaw, a ngai ngaiin emaw thu a lo la khawm ve ngawt a, chanchinbua chhuah hi a ni. Electronic media a lar tawh hnuah phei chuan reporter tam takin online hmangin mi dangte thuziak an lachhawng hmiah hmiah mai ṭhin. Hetiang reporter hian a thawhna chanchinbu a tizahawm lo vin a timualpho thei hle a. Inkhin rap rapte pawh a awm. Chanchinbu puitlin lehzualna hmunah chuan hetianga plagiarism ti ṭhinte hi an hna aṭanga ban tirin news organisation-te an chhui hial ṭhin.

Plagiarism chi thumna chu Self-plagiarism (mahni leh mahni inbuma inrawk) an tih chu a ni. Hei hi Mizote zinga thu leh hla lama hluar ber niin a sawi theih ang. Tu emaw kutchhuak zinga duhna lai ber la chhuak a, mahni thuziaka zeh tel a, thu lakna emaw, a ziaktu emaw hming pawh tarlang chuang miah lo va mahni irawm chhuak anga hman ve hmiah ang chi hi a ni. Hetiang article tih chhuah hi duplicate emaw mi thuziak chhuah chhawn tiin an sawi mai ṭhin a. A hmaa thuziak a lak rukna khan copyright a lo nei a nih chuan dan kalha thil tih a ni.

Academic thilah chuan self-plagiarism ziaktu tuin emaw ama tihchhuah tawh thu a ziah leh copyright pawh a lo neih tawh, a hmaa a thuziahna bu hming emaw engmah tarlang lo va tarlan nawn leh hi a ni. University researcher-tena an chin  uar em em mai chu anmahni thuziah vek chei danglam a, mipui a tam thei ang berin an chhiar theihna tura academic journal leh chanchinbua pek darh hi a ni a. Mahse, university ṭhenkhatin dan an siamah chuan hetianga an ti a nih pawhin an article hmasaa thu pangngai diak diak khan article zatve a luah chuan an hnawl thei thung. Hetiang chi hi recycling (hman tlak tawh loh siam ṭhaa hman nawn) an ti a ni. Hei bakah hian self-plagiarism hrilhfiahna chi hrang hrang a awm a, kan sawi vek seng lo vang a, internet lamah hmuh tur a awm ṭeuh mai.

Self-plagiarism venna tur leh inkaihhruaina tur siam an awm nual a. Journal of International Business Studies te, Association for Computing Machine (ACM) te, The American Political Science Association (APSA) te, The American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) leh pawl hrang hrangte an ni. 

Plagiarism a inlar :

Plagiarism avanga buaina thleng ṭhenkhat han tarlang ila:

* Kumin July thla tawp lam khan thuziakmi leh columnist Daniel Flynn chuan The Wall Street Journal Weekend Review-ah youth level-a sport huaihawt ṭhin tihtawp ni se tia complaint an thehluh chhanletna; sport thlavang hauhna thu 'The War on Football' tih thupuia hmanga a ziah chu a thehlut a, a hnu ni hnihah Flynn-a chu a thuziak hnawl a nih thu hriattir a ni a. Mahse, hapta hnih leh a chanve a liam chiah tihin he Journal website-ah hian a han lut a, August ni 17 khan a report ziah chiah chiah mai chu a indawt dan leh a ṭawngkam hman ngai diak diak hmangin a thupuiah 'In Defense of Football' tia thlakin midangin an lo chhuah a hmu ta tlat mai a. Flynn-a lungawi lo chuan he Journal leh a thuziahsa ama hminga tichhuaka a puh Max Boot-a, Council on Foreign Relations-a senior fellow leh Weekly Standard leh Los Angeles Times-a contributing editor ni bawk chu plagiarism thil tiah a puh a, he thubuai hi a la kal mek a ni.

* Kum 2011 khan American thuziak thiam Barbara Coloroso leh Canadian mi Andrew Faas-te chuan hnathawhna hmuna invau ṭhaih leh intihduhdah (bullying) chungchang ziah dun an tum a, a tawpah chuan ziak puitling lo vin thu inruksakah inpuhtawnin an inkhing ta chiam zawk a. Lehkhabu chhuahtu HarperCollins nena kum thum liam taa contract an ziah fel vek hnuah lehkhabu pawh hmuh tur awm ta chuang lo vin an inbei ta zek mai a ni. Faas hian Barbara chu hun tiam chhunga a chanpual ziak lo vah puhin Ontario Superior Court-ah dollar mtd.1.1 chawi turin a khing a, HarperCollins nena an inremna pawh an sut leh ringawt a ni a ti.  Barbara thung chuan Faas hian Wikipedia leh thil dang dang atanga mi thuziak ru khawmin plagiarism leh copyright dan a bawhchhiaa, a lehkhabua dah tura thlahrang chanchin ziak tura midang chhawr leh chhawngah a puh let ve thung a. Inremna an neih theih tak loh avangin Barbara hian an lehkhabu chhuah tur lakah chuan a kut a sil thu leh a hming chuantir ve a duh loh thu a sawi ta bawk a, he an thubuai hi a la kal zel a ni.

* Zaithiam Robin Thicke pawh a hla lar 'Blurred Lines'-ah plagiarism awma puhna avangin judge-ten insawifiah turin an ti mek. Robin Thicke thung chuan a hla hit 'Blurred Lines' ah hian an puh angin Marvin Gaye leh George Clinton-te hla a lachhawng lo tih a sawi a. A hla hi Billboard Hot 100 chart-ah hapta 10 chhung No.1 a nihpui mek a ni.

Amah khinna an thehluhah hian Gaye-a hla 'Got to Give it Up' leh Clinton-a hla 'Sexy Ways' hlaa mi a lachhawng niin an puh a. Thicke-a attorney leh a hla phuahsaktu Pharrell Williams leh T.I te chuan Los Angeles-ah lawsuit thehlut ve lehin judge-te hnenah Marvin Gaye leh George Clinton-a hla an ru miah lo tih an hrilhfiah ve nghal.

Khinna an thehluha Gaye-a ukilte chuan 'Blurred Lines' leh 'Got to Give It Up' te hian thinlung a khawih dan (feel) leh a rik dan (sound) a inang chiah a ni an ti a ni. Tunah he plagiarism-tia inpuhna thubuai hi a la kal mek.

India ramah pawh plagiarism hi an buaipui ve hle mai.

* Mail Today (Jaipur, February 16, 2013) tarlan danin Rajasthan University-a zirtirtu pathumte chu Geological Survey of India (GSI) director hlui research article ru a, anmahni kut chhuak anga academic lam thila thehlutah puh an ni. Geology department-a professor pahnih - Rajiv K.Sinha leh D K Pandey-te chu kum 2000 khan Netherlands chanchinbu pakhatah he article hi anmahni kut chhuak anga chhuah chhawngah puh an ni a, he article buatsaihnaah hian Sinha fapa, Australia-a cheng civil engineer Ambuj Sinha pawh tela puh a ni. Tam zo sa lo vin he article vek hi kum 2010 khan Department of Environmental Science-a assistant professor Surendra Singh Chauhan pawhin academic lama a record siam nan ama ziah angin a thehlut leh bawk. Prof. Sinha hi Australia-a Griffith University-a visiting research fellow a ni mek a; Pandey hi tun hnai khan Professor-ah a kaisang a, Prof. Chauhan chu Rajasthan University-a Indira Gandhi Centre for Human Ecology and Population Studies-a director-ah hlan kai a ni.

Nikum December khan GSI director hlui Dr M L Khanwar chuan kum 1997-a Rajasthan-a Bijolia region-a thil laih chhuahna (mining) chungchanga a research work; research journal pakhat -'Environmental Crisis and Human at Risk: Priorities for Action'-a 'Mining, Environment and Development' tia a ziah ngei kha heng professor pathumte hian kum 2000-a chhuak Netherlands' The Environmentalist-ah chhuahin an ru (plagiarised) a ni tih a hre chhuak ta a.

University thuneitute hnena thlen a tum thu an hriat veleh heng mi pathumte hian an chunga hremna lek a nih chuan an hna an chan dawn tih hriain Dr Khanwar hi an va hmu vat a, university lamah zualko lo turin an ngen a, ani chuan plagiarism thil tenawm tak an tih avangin an lo zilh nek a. University Vice Chancellor hnena lehkha a thawn chu engmah chhanna a hmuh si loh avanga lungawi lo vin Governor Margaret Alva, ex-officio vice chancellor hnenah thlen leh a tum mek a ni.

* Human Resources Development (HRD) Ministry pawh plagiarism hian a tibuai khawp mai. Management Development Institute (MDI)-a associate professor Amit Kapoor chu Expenditure Finance Committee note, mite hmuh mai mai loh tura dah (top secret document) lo la ru a, copyright lo nei ve ngawt chu an hrem daih. Kapoor hi MDI chuan an suspend mek a, Harvard University chuan chhui chiana a phu tawk hremna pek ngei an tum. Kapoor-a chungchang Harvard lamin an buaipui daihna chhan chu tunhnai lawk khan Harvard Business School-in a recognised, Institute of Strategy and Competitiveness-a Institute of Competitiveness India-a honorary chairperson-a ruat a nih vang a ni.

* Times of India Jul 8, 2013) chhuakah University of Mysore (UOM) thuneitute chuan plagiarism chungchanga A B Venugopal-a thu thehluh chu an ngaihtuah mek tih an sawi. University registrar (evalutaion) D Shrijaya Devraj Urs chuan he an lehkha dawn hi a namen lo hle a, plagiarism awm ṭhin hremna dan hmangin hma an lak tur thu a sawi nghal. Venugopal hian US university aṭanga doctorate degree lak nan D Rekha chuan a thesis chu a ru chhawng niin a sawi a. Rekha kaihruaitu hi University-a professor of psychology-a thawk G Venkatesh Kumar a nih thu a sawi bawk.

Urs khan University chuan an zirtirtu pakhat G Venkatesh Kumar-a certificate pek chhuah enfiah an tum thu sawiin Rekha hian Kumar-a signature lem a hmang a nih chuan an university tihminghliautu a nih avangin Rekha chungah thubuai an thehluh tur thu a sawi hial a ni. 

Heng bakah hian plagiarism thil hi tam tak a awm a, sawi vek sen a ni lo. Hetianga doctorate degree lak nan emaw, thiamna sang zawk neihna tura an thesis thehluhte a dik (original) em? Midang thuziak ruin dik lo takin an ti em? tih chhuichhuah a, plagiarist-te hnena degree an pek palh lohna turin Sambalpur University chuan PhD thesis reng reng lo enfiah hmasatu tur software siam an tum a. An vice chancellor Prof B C Barik chuan an peih ṭep thu a sawi. University ṭhenkhat chuan an nei tawha sawi a ni bawk. He software hmang hian an thesis thehluh reng reng an enfiah vek tawh ang a, plagiarism thil a awm a nih chuan a lo hnawl hmiah mai dawn a ni.

Khawthlang lam ramah pawh hla thu inruk sak te, music inruk saktea inpuhna a nasa a, thubuai an nei fo tih kan hriat hi. Khawvelin a ngaimawh a, mi eizawnna leh hmingthatna intihchhiatsak theihna lam rawng a kai avangin an ngai thutak hle a ni.

Mizote zingah pawh a hluar:

Plagiarism hi keini Mizote zingah pawh thawm a awm deuh reng. Thuziakmi ṭhenkhat, an thuziak; midang hminga chhuak an hmuh avanga rilru na ngawih ngawih te an awm a, an rilru natna thu hian ka beng a thleng ve zauh zauh.

Mizo Academy of Letters pawhin ngaimawhin plagiarism laka fihlim tura ziak mite ngenna a siam tawh a. Thuziaktute hi han zawt ila; 'Chutiang khatiang chuan, chu chanchinbu/lehkhabu/magazine/souvenir, etc. ah ka thuziak ang diak diak te, tlema a ṭawngkam thlak zeuh zeuh te, hai rual lohva tihdanglamtein chu chuan a lo chhuah a..." tih ang chi sawi tur a awm nuk ang.

Hla phuah lamah pawh a hla thu tlema tidanglam emaw, a thu hrula phuah; khawii nge a original zawk tih sawi har tak mai a awm zauh zauh tawh a ni. Hla thlukte pawh hi a siamtute phalna emaw la hma sa lo vin kan inhman sak nawk nawk mai niin a lang.

Mizoram University-te kan nei ve ta zel a, academic lama hmasawnna leh rualelna kan nei lian tial tial a, research ti pawh kan tam ṭan ta hle. Hengah hian kan fimkhur a, rilru dik leh fel tak nena research paper-te pawh kan ziah a ṭul. University ṭhenkhatin plagiarism avanga M Phil/Ph D emaw, project thilte emaw an paih sak a, Master/Doctorate degree an hlihsak te kan awm palh mai ang tih a hlauh hle. Dawta thil tih chu tihmualphovin a awm leh ṭhin si a.

Plagiarism hrim hrim hi kan la hmelhriat lo pawh a ni mai thei; mahse, thuziak inruk sak emaw, mi thuziak, mahni hminga tih chhuah mai ang chi hi chu a thawm kan hriatna a rei ve tawh viau mai. Hetiang tuar tawh ṭhenkhatte chu inhmaizah avangin leh intihhmingchhiat duh loh avangin hmin lo takin an ngawi ral mai hlawm a ni.

Ṭhenkhat phei chuan an lehkhabuah an thu lakna ziaktu chawimawi (credit) lem lovin an tichhuak tawp tawp mai a. Irawm chhuak hlang hlaka thuziak a ni lo tih a chiang chung pawhin Footnotes dah emaw, References emaw Bibliography emaw engmah tarlang lo vin an pum tawp mai a, hetiang hi plagiarism dik tak a ni. Mite ngaihsan duhna avanga rukruk hi mite huat hlawhna a ni zawk tih pawh kan hriat a ṭha hle.

Tin, thuziak ṭhenkhat, mahni hminga tihchhuah hreh si, midang hminga tih chhuah dila; an dilaten an thuziak chu mi ziaksa lak chhawn a ni em? Ka tan a pawi thei em tih pawh ngaihtuahna chang hre lo va chhuah maite pawh a awm a ni. Heng kawngah hian thuziak mite pawhin mi pawi khawih theihna a ni tih hriata fimkhur kan mamawh khawp mai.

Mi thuziak zeh tel (quotes) kan duh pawhin a ziaktu hnenah ṭawngka emaw, ziakin emaw dil hmasak phawt hi a dik ber a, a fel ber bawk. Kan dil ang ngei chuan kan lehkhabu rawnah emaw an kutchhuak chu tarlan tel ngei ni se. Thil harsa a ni lova, thil ṭha tak, nun dan leh tih dan ṭha zawmna a ni zawk.

Eiruk kan sawi chhia a, kan mausam e, kan ti a; a dik a, a ṭha a, do va hnualsuat zel tur a ni. Chutih rual chuan eirukna duh lo va insawia iak iakte zingah pawh rukrukna thil tenawm tak; mi thuziak ruksak mai ching kan awm zauh zauh niin a lang tlat. Dik tak leh fel takin thil tih tum ila, kan inchhir lo nge nge ṭhin. 

Plagiarism hian eng chin nge a huam tih pawh hi inhnial theih fe a nih avangin kan sawi zui lo ang a, chutih rual erawh chuan a chunga kan sawi lan chinah pawh khian plagiarist ni lo tura thurawn chu a chiang tawh tho awm e. Sawiho zel tlak niin ka hria a, i sawi ho zel ang u.