Greek Criticism (Plato & Aristotle debate) a sawi lar hlawh em em chu ‘mimesis’ hi a ni. Plato chuan ‘a tak hlimthla, entawn’ ni a a hriat avangin “thrice remove from reality/ a copy of copy of the form (A tak leh chhawng thum) ” a ti hial a. Ziak mite/poet te chu atak hlimthla entawna thil siamchhuak mai mai niah a ngai a, hetih hunlai a Poetry chu chunglam thiltihtheihnain mihring rilrua a dah anga an ngaihna avanga sawisel en pawha an en ngam loh chu huai takin a rawn teh a, hei hian a hnu lam Alexandrian/Hellenistic period-a literature an hmuh danah leh a hnu lam zelah pawh nghawng a nei zui hle reng a ni. Aristotle erawh chuan Poet/writer te chu a tak entawna a hlimthla siam chhawngtu (imitator) ni lovin, awm lo ata dintu (creator) niin a ngai ve thung. Hei hian ziak mite dinhmun leh an lan dan thui tak a hril vang a ni mahna, Greek criticism-ah hian sawilar hlawh ber a ni hial ang.
Literature chungchanga Plato leh Aristotle te ngaihdan insaikalh tak tak kara pawimawh deuh pakhat chu Emotion leh Katharsis chungchang hi a ni. Plato chuan ziak mite chuan an lemchan leh hlahril hmangin mihring ngaihtuahna chhungril an chawk tho a, hlauhna, thinrimna, natna te thlengin a thlirtute an kaihthawhsak a, mihring feelings leh emotion a ṭha lo zawnga mihring nun nghawng thei chawk thotu ni a a ngaih avangin Republic, Bung-X-ah chuan poet te chungchang a sawinaah a duhthusam khawpui aṭangin a hnawl hmak mai.
Hemi chungchang hi Aristotle erawh chuan miin lemchan a en a, a mihringpuite tuarna te, hrehawmna te, mihring nuna thil thleng thei hrang hrang a va hmuh khan, chu chuan mihring nun hriatthiamna leh thlirna thar a pe a (Heng hunlai hian tragedy drama chu poetry veka ziah leh chan chhuah anih avangin, poetry thiltihtheihna tragedy drama a an hman tel khan a thlirtute ngaihtuahna a khawih dan chu a dang bik hle ang tih a rin theih). Chu chuan a thlirtu chhungril lamah hahdamna leh thawven huaina (Katharsis) a thlen a ni tiin Poetics ah ziak mite leh literature thlavang a rawn hauh ve ta tlat mai.
Katharsis chu…
Katharsis hi Greek ṭawng Katharos (thianghlim) leh Katharein(tifai/silfai) tih aṭanga lak a ni a. Katharsis tih tak chu mihring ngaihtuahna/rilru/khawvel a siamtharna, tlenfaina lo thleng hi a ni ber. Aristotle-a'n a hmannaah hian, lemchan a lungngaihna leh hlauhna lo lang tuarpuina( Pity and fear) aṭanga thawl huaina lo thleng lai hi a kawh deuh avangin, pity and fear an sawi lan fo lai hi Katharsis ber emaw tih palh pawh awm thei a ni. A kawh ber zawk erawh chu khang thil mihringin amah aṭanga a paih chhuah hnua thawvenna leh hahdam huaina lo thleng zawk kha a ni.
Ancient Greek Physician Hippocrates leh Galen te khan Humoral Theory an larpui hle a. Mihring natna hi an theory a four humour (Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile & Black Bile) an inbuktawk loh vang niin an ngai a. A inbuktawk lo lai paih chhuah ṭhenna (katharsis) chu damna/hriselna atana thil pawimawhah an ngai bawk. Hei hi hetih hunlaia Katharsis an lo hmanna/sawilanna hmasa leh chu niin a lang. He theory hi disprove (pawm loh) tawh anih avangin hei chu kan sawi thui lo ang.
Psychology lamah…
Sigmund Freud leh Josef Breuer te chuan an lehkhabu “Studies on Hysteria” ah Catharsis hi rawn sawi hawngin, an zir chianna aṭangin miin a hun kal tawha a natna leh a harsatna a sawi chhuah a, a paih chhuah hian amahah thawvenna leh chhungril lam damna a thlen niin an ngai a. Miin a harsatna te, a tuarna te sawi chhuak lo a hriatrengna bawma a a khungluh chuan ngaihtuahna muhil (unconscious mind) chhungah a inkhungkhawm a, chu chuan rilru lam natna leh harsatna nasa tak a siam thei ni a a ngaihna hi Sigmund Freund-a'n unconscious mind a buaipui zui em em chhan pawh niin a lang.
Medical context aṭangin…
Thluak leh pum lama harsatna hi mihring mood khawih bera ngaih a ni. Pum nuam lo ṭulh ṭulh reng inthiar a thawl hawkte, hmeichhe period (PMS cycle) a rilru hah, thawpik, thinchhiat deuh riau, rilru no, lunglenna leh ṭah chhuak ringawt te pawh a hun a zawh meuh chuan thawl hawkna leh thawven huaina a lo thleng ṭhin.
Neurotransmitter (thluaka thu pe chhawngtu chemical kal kual awm khawm) ho, endorphins, dopamine, serotonin, oxytxin, noradrenaline, te rawn sang hian mihring hriatna timur a titho a, thathona a siam a, ngaihtuahna a tichak sawt a, thil man zung zung theihna (reaction times) a siam bawk. A bikin dopamine (hormone chi khat, nuam/ thawven huaina siamtu) hi kan sawi tur katharsis leh literature nen a inzawm riau avangin han sawi zau deuh ila.
Mihring thluakah hian hriatna thazam tam tak a inzawm khawm a, heng hriatna thazam hrang hrang inkarah hian hmun âwl ‘synaptic cleft’ a awm a. He synaptic cleft hi neurotransmitter ho awmna lai chu a ni. Chung zinga pakhat dopamine chu hlimna, lawmna, thathona, phûrna, thil zir thiam theihna, rilru sawr bing theihna leh rilru zangkhai/engthawlna mihring taksa a siamtu a ni a. Dopamine tihsan theihna chi hrang hrang rimawi ngaihthlak, ni eng dawn, lâm, mut, taksa sawizawi te piah lamah literature (chhiar leh ziah) nena a inzawm leh a pawimawh em emna chu taksa che vel thununtu a nihna piah lamah, thil hriatthiam theihna leh mihring duhthlanna kawnga rilru fim neihtirtu a nihna lai hi a ni.
Literature leh Katharsis chu…
Thawnthu (fiction), hla/poetry, thutluang, lemchan, eng thuziak pawh hian a chhiar hma aiin mihring ngaihtuahna chu a hawn zau belh tawh sa reng a. UNESCO-in kum tin World Poetry Day puala an website a thuziak an tar chhuah ṭhin zinga pakhatah chuan, “…poem holam bera kan ngaihte pawh hian mihring mihrinna leh remna leh muanna siamna kawngah kawngro nasa takin a lo su tawh ṭhin a ni” an ti a. Hetiang deuh hian lehkhabu, thawnthu, thuziak kan va chhiar hrim hrim hian ngaihtuahna senga chhiartuteah chuan mihring nun hlimthla a lo chhawp chhuahsak ṭhin.
Mihring hriatna a tuihalin (mihring zawng zawng deuh thaw zia a ni zawk mahna) thil thar a va zir a, hlim ruk deuh riauna a neih ṭhin ang piah lamah, tuarna pawh malsawmna a chhiar thei tura mihring nun thlirna thar, ama nuna la thleng ve ngai lo, a mihring puite nuna lo thleng si te hriatthiam theihna, a taka a tawn ve loh pawh thlir thiam theihna leh pawm theihna, mihring nun thlirna thar leh ngaihhlutzawng tehna tura ngaihtuahna fim a pek theihna (dopamine siamtu leh a hnathawh a chunga kan sawi tak ang khan) hi, Aristotle-a’n literature hi nungchang mawi lo kaichhuaktu ni lovin, mihring nun thlirna thar min pe a, thawvenna leh hahdam huaina (katharsis) thlentu zawk a ni, a tih chu a lo ni ta chiah mai.
Lehkhabu chhiar, movie en, thu leh hla chi hrang hrang chhiarte hian mihring nun hlimthla a rawn chhawp chhuah hman ṭangkai tuma chik peihna mai piah lamah ngaihtuahna a tuaihriam a, hunawl hnawh khah nan leh nun ninawm lutuk tur tihziaawm nana chhiar mai mai te thleng hian mihring taksa, thluak leh rilru lamah a ṭha zawngin nghawng a lo nei thei vek a lo ni.
Naupangte hnena kan inzirtirna tlangpui, “Lehkhabu chhiar tam chu an fing ṭhin” tih mai piah lamah IQ chauh ni lo Emotional Intelligence (EI) tisang tura hman ṭangkaina, mihring nun hriat thiamna leh midangte nena kan khawsak hona, tuarte nun ṭawmpui thiamna, khawvel hmasawnna leh intlansiakna sang chho zel kara mihring mihrinna (humanity) tivul lehtu tur, mihringpuite hmangaihna kaitho theitu a nihna lai hi inzirtir a hman ṭangkai a pawimawh hle. Hei hi mihringin literature a mamawhna chhan lian tak pakhat pawh a ni.
-Ram Pangpar🌿
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